National Open University Exam Past Question BIO 403 March/April 2014

                                                                

                                                               National Open University of Nigeria

                                                            14-16 Ahmadu Bello Way, Victoria Island Lagos 

                                                                      School of science and technology

                                                                      March/April 2014 Examination 

                  COURSE CODE: BIO 403

                  COURSE TITTLE: POPULATION GENETICS

                  TIME ALLOWED: 2hrs

                   Instructions: ANSWER ANY 4 QUESTIONS

1ai. define genetic drift?

ii. Write short note on the following 

a. bottle neck effect  b. founder effect c. small population 

b. the population size of a small village in southern Nigeria is one thousand. a population 

genetic study revealed the following result about the number of people with different ABO 

blood group  phenotype : A= 450 B=80 AB= 30 O=440.

Determine: -  i. the genotypic frequency   ii. The allelic frequencies of IA,IB and IO alleles in the village 

2ai.what is the significance of a chi square test in population genetic studies?

ii consider a locus that codes for transferring a blood protein in clethrinomysgaperis, three 

genotypes are found at the transferring locus: MM, MJ and JJ in a population of gapperis 

trapped  in north America  in 1998, 24 MM, 106 MJ,24 JJ individual are found.

Calculate the expected number of individuals with each of the observed genotypes 

bi. How does mutation affect evolution? 

ii. in a population the initial allelic frequencies are p=0.9 and q=0.1 and the forward and 

reverse  mutation rates are U=5*10-5   and V= 2*10-5  respectively calculate :- i. the change in allelic frequency in the first generation 

ii. The frequency of a allele at equilibrium 

3ai. how can genotype frequencies of the next generation be predicted using the genotype and allele frequencies?

ii. Write short note on the following  

   a. natural selection   b.   Darwinian fitness

b. in a population 200,000 people carrying the recessive allele, a for albinism, there are 200 aa 

albinos, 196,200 AA and 3600 Aa  heterozygous carrier 

i. compute the allelic frequencies in the parent population 

ii. using hardy-weinbarg equation predict the number of individuals of each genotype in the next generation 

4ai. how can allelic frequency be calculated?

ii. the number of individuals living in a town is 600. A study showed that the number of individuals in the town with different M-N blood group phenotypes are as follow 

PHENOTYPE	NO. OF INDIVIDUALS
M	180
MN	300
N	120

       

calculate the genotypic frequency and the allelic frequency

bi. List the assumption upon which hardy-weinberg law depends

 

ii. are there hardy-weinberg population in real life 

5ai. differentiate between population genetic and transmission genetics

ii. how can allelic frequencies at an X-linked locus be determined from the genotypic frequency?

b. calculate the genotypic and allelic frequencies for hemoglobin variant among Europeans where multiple alleles are present

hemoglobin genotypes

AA                  AS                   SS                   AC                   SC                   CC                   Total

2,017             783                 4                      173                 14                   11                   3,002

6ai. what is the consequence of having many alleles at a locus?

ii.write short note on the FOLLOWING 

i. selective mating  ii. Adaptation iii. Migration

bi. What did you understand by sex-linked   traits

ii.how long does it takes to approach equilibrium frequencies if the alleles are sex-linked the sexes differ in allelic frequency? Give reasons for your answer.



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