CHAPTER
THREE
RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY
3.1
Introduction
This chapter
contains the general procedure for the conduct of the study. It therefore gives
detail information on the following: research design, sample and sampling
techniques, instrumentation, psychometric properties of the instrument,
validity of research instrument, reliability of research instrument, procedure
for administration of the instrument, procedure for scoring and method of data
analysis.
3.2
Research Design
The research design
adopted for the study is the descriptive survey method. Ayena (2005) opined
that descriptive survey aims at estimating as precisely as possible the
attributes of the population. Descriptive survey method is considered because
it arrives at dependable solution to problem through the planned and
systematic, analyze and interpretation of data collected on this subject
matter.
Descriptive
survey method entails the systematic collection of data from a sample of the
population through personal interaction which gives opportunity equal
representation of the sample Adegeye (1994).The survey research aims to collect
large and small sample from population in order to examine the distributions
incidence of education and sociology phenomenon. In this study, the descriptive
survey research was used since the researcher is investigating the process of
children acquisition of language,
3.3
Sample and Sampling Procedure
In
research, population refers to the universe or the entire group of persons,
objects or events whose characteristics are being studied. The target
population for the study consists of parents in Ilorin metropolis. A total
fifty (50) respondents were selected using systematic random sampling procedure
from the Ilorin West, East and South chosen to participate in the study.
However,
simple random sampling technique is a method of choosing the same that is
representative of the population by making it possible for every member of the
population being included in the sample while purposive random sampling is a
process of identifying a population of interest and developing a systematic way
of selecting cases that is not based on advanced knowledge of how the outcomes
would appear. It therefore aims at increasing credibility.
3.4
Instrumentation
The
instrument used in collecting data for this study is the questionnaire which is
the most widely used instrument for collecting data of a descriptive nature.
The questionnaire is the most widely used instrument to measure attitude, perception
and opinion from representative sampling of a given population. In this present
study, the questionnaire titled “ A
survey of social and language development of children in the environment Questionnaire” (SOSLDCE) was designed by the
researcher for the purpose of eliciting information from the respondents.
The
instrument comprised two sections, A and B.
Section A of the questionnaire sought information on the personal data
of the respondents. Such personal data includes parent, infant, age and environment.
Section B contains twenty (20) key items; which the respondents responded to
according to their view towards the items using a four point Likert scale of
Strongly Agree – SA
Agree - A
Disagree – D
Strongly Disagree – SD
Section B contains twenty (20) items on
Social development of a child
Psychometric properties of the instrument: The
psychometric analysis of the instrument used is based on these two items
validity and Reliability.
3.5
Validity
Validity of an
instrument is how the instrument is able to measure what it is purported to
measure. According to Fox (1969), he stressed that for any data getting
procedure, like questionnaire, content validity involves a determination
whether or not the behaviour that is being tested responded fairly to the
sample of the universe of the behavior to be measured. The need for this
validation exercise was to ensure that the item contained in the questionnaire
met the desired objective and purpose of the study. To confirm the validity of
the instrument, the instrument was given to the project supervisor and three
other experts in the department of psychology, College of Education, Ilorin for
further correction and restructuring. These experts would affirm that the
instrument is valid for use.
3.6
Reliability of the Instrument
Reliability of
an instrument is the consistency of an instrument. A test-re-test reliability
procedure would be carried out using parents in Ilorin metroplis. The
instrument would first be administered to twenty (20) respondents and after two
weeks, it would be re-administered to the same twenty respondents. This would
consider high enough to ascertain the reliability of the instrument.
3.7 Administration of the Instrument
The
questionnaire would be administered personally by the researcher. At the point
of administration, there would be needed to explain to the respondents on how
to respond to the questionnaire, as well as the items on the questionnaire.
Enough time was given to respond to the questionnaire without any interference.
The completed research forms would be collected by the researcher.
3.8
Scoring of the Instrument
The
instrument would be scored by the allocation of the following scoring procedure
in the Likert-type rating scale.
Strong Agree - 4 points
Agree - 3 points
Disagree - 2 points
Strong Disagree - 1 points
3.9
Method of Data Analysis
Frequency counts and simple percentage
would be used to analyze the respondent personal data on the basis of gender,
age, environment. T-test and ANOVA statistical tools were used to test the
formulated hypotheses. The results of the analysis will be made available in
the chapter four (4) of this work.
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